Les helpers : l’Europe occupée au secours des soldats et aviateurs alliés

Helping Allied soldiers and airmen in occupied Europe was widespread. Between 1944 and 1947, the Allies acknowledged some 150,000 helpers in Western Europe. Considered an act of war by the Germans, this peaceful aid, which consisted of hiding refugees and transporting them to Spain, was brutally repressed. The memory of the clandestine solidarity has laid the foundations for a transnational memory that is still alive 80 years after the events. However, in France, this memory remains local and does not break through the glass ceiling which would give access to the national memory.